Naturalists**

**A model of the world** "Who are we?"Naturalistic writers were influenced by the evolution theory of Charles Darwin and believe that one's heredity and social environment decide one's character.The ideas and assumptions of philosophical naturalism were first seen in the work's of the [|Ionian] [|pre-Socratic philosophers]. Particularly [|Thales], the man considered to be the father of science, as he was the first to give explanations of natural events without the use of supernatural causes.


 * Naturalism** is the view that the [|scientific method] (hypothesize, predict, test, repeat) is the only effective way to investigate reality. Naturalism does not necessarily claim that phenomena or hypotheses commonly labeled as [|supernatural] do not exist or are wrong, but insists that all phenomena and hypotheses can be studied by the same methods and therefore anything considered supernatural is either nonexistent or not inherently different from natural phenomena or hypotheses.(wikipedia)

"Why is the world the way it is? Where does it all come from? Where do we come from?" They looked at the world and human life as a grim losing battle. Naturalism is not a belief that the modern view of science is entirely correct. Instead, it simply holds the processes of the universe have a scientific explanation, and those processes are what modern science is striving to understand. "Where are we going to?" We are trying to keep or blood line going. We can be taken out in many ways and it wouldn't matter.
 * Explanation**
 * Futurology**

"What is good and what is evil?" The world is a grim losing battle. Values are just an expression of emotion. Man is the standard of good and evil.
 * Values**

"How should we act?" - We are subject to the natural laws of the universe. We lived crudely, by instinct, unable to control our own destinies. Our social environment "conditioned" us to turn out the way we are. We are opposed to Romanticisms. The occurring themes of Naturalism are survival, determinism, violence and taboos. Within these themes, the force of nature affecting life, the affliction of nature on lives and an indifferent, deterministic universe are recurring ideas identified.
 * Action**

"What is true and what is false?" - how do we know? Naturalists believed that their human behavior was determined by forces beyond the individual's power. They portrayed life exactly as it was, with detachment and objectivity. Naturalism goes beyond science in holding that the vision of ourselves as fully natural creatures has important implications for our place in the world and the kind of life that we are capable and deserving of living. Unlike those religious believers who hold fast to the supernatural out of a fear of what its denial might mean for human life.
 * Knowledge**